literarywork,literaryworks

法律英语高手请进，高分求公司法英语翻译（四）

三. Chinese defects exist board of supervisors system and its perfect

(A) the company board of supervisors system deficiencies exist

In 2005, the Chinese the "Company Law" conducted a thorough amendment, introduced a lot of other civil law countries the best system, the board of supervisors system also must be perfect, but through the above-mentioned civil law system of internal supervisors contrast, can be found Chinese board of supervisors system still exist some deficiencies in the following:

1. Chinese companies to the board of supervisors and even the loss of the independence of the independence of the weaker

Chinese "Company Law" provisions of the company's directors, managers and financial responsible person should not act as supervisors, this provision is undoubtedly correct. Actual situation, however, members of the board of supervisors and board members have residual superior-subordinate relationship, especially state-owned enterprises are the original company, chairman of the board is often the original enterprise party secretary, the board of supervisors is chaired by the Chairman of Commission for Discipline Inspection, secretary or trade unions, which kinds of residual effects of a superior-subordinate relationship of the Board of Supervisors can only play; Chinese Company Law in support of the majority shareholders control the election of the board of supervisors, board of supervisors by the shareholders attending the meeting by the General Assembly of shareholders held more than half of the voting rights arising from the adoption of the majority shareholders can control supervisors of elections, in order to make their own or their agents to become supervisors, board of supervisors do not have independence. Trade union representative to sit on the board of supervisors, their payroll, job decision by general manager, when faced with other supervisors oversee the object of his dismissal of the dangers, how to assume duties of supervision? At this point does not have the independence of supervisors.

2. The board of supervisors improve the quality of personnel to be

The company's operating behavior generally involve financial, auditing, and legal expertise, the board of supervisors to be able to exert effective oversight function, it must have the relevant professionals, the quality of supervisors should have the corresponding requirements. And Chinese companies in the establishment of the board of supervisors did not review the supervisors Strict qualifications, the corporate charter and few qualified supervisors to determine the consideration process.

3. The board of supervisors the authority is too small

And Germany, Japan, the board of supervisors system, the supervisory board of China's lack of a number of important powers:

⑴ supervisors does not confer the right to internal oversight. The supervision of the board of supervisors objects are all located on the board of supervisors of the people and things outside, but under the supervision of their own, this is not conducive to the board of supervisors of the honesty and self-discipline and the common progress of supervisors, workers and supervisors in the Supervisory Board's position, how to exercise their functions and powers; workers and supervisors shareholders supervisors happened differences on specific issues, how to resolve and so on.

⑵ supervisors proposed the convening of the shareholders meeting, did not provide the board of directors does not convene at the time of relief measures.

⑶ not given to the operation of the board of supervisors of the company's right to know.

4. The lack of supervisors of the incentive and restraint mechanisms

Chinese "Company Law" section 148 generally provides that "supervisors should comply with laws and administrative regulations and articles of incorporation, the company has a duty of loyalty and diligence obligations", although in the old method based on the increased lot of prohibitions, it is still a lack of incentives mechanism, without in order to mobilize the enthusiasm of Supervisors; because of the board of supervisors meeting to take a collective decision-making style, this held accountable manner without the specific procedures may not be able to implement the responsibility of individuals, bound by a mechanism could be implemented. The duty of loyalty, confidentiality and other obligations if not fulfilled, if not assume liability would give rise to be removed from office, as well as the removal of specific procedures, such as how to not make any provisions.

Outside the 300 years of the company's practice management system for the functional design of the board of supervisors has accumulated substantial experience. Although the board of supervisors system should not entirely rule out the illegal operators, but its effectiveness should be affirmative. In recent years in Germany and Japan, the United States and other countries the company's internal oversight mechanisms and explore the adjustment also reflects the international trend. China only on the basis of the needs of economic development, company law legislation in response to the above inadequacies of Supervisors (will) improve the system before the socialist market economy can guarantee the smooth development.

谁能帮我翻译一下下面的文章，急求！！！

马克吐温的本名叫塞缪尔克莱门斯兰霍恩。但他以他的笔名：马克吐温成为了美国著名小说家。他1835年11月30日出生于美国的福罗里达州，这个地方影响了他后来的文学作品，因为他在生活中密西西比河并且他最著名的文学作品的背景就是密西西比河。他11岁时父亲去世，他不得不过早的开始工作，他多种多样的职业生涯和经验丰富了他的文学作品。他的第一份工作是印刷厂的学徒，14岁时他成为密西西比河导游。不幸的是，内战发生了，他失去了工作。他带着他的兄弟到了美国。在美国，他欠了很多债，所以他成为‘企业报’和‘早报’的记者来偿还债务。从这个时候起，他开始在报章上刊登他的写作。 1865年，他收集的短篇小说处女作“卡拉韦拉斯县有名的跳娃”让他在文坛上亮相，1907年他获得牛津大学的名誉博士学位，并于1910年4月21日逝世

把book翻译成中文

book

[buk]

n.

书, 书籍, 卷, 篇, 帐簿, 名册, 工作簿

v.

登记, 预订, 控告

book

book

AHD:[b‹k]

D.J.[buk]

K.K.[bk]

n.Abbr. bk., b.（名词）缩写 bk.， b.

A set of written, printed, or blank pages fastened along one side and encased between protective covers.

书，书本：一叠沿一边固定起来并装订在两张保护性的封面之间的书写的、印刷的或空白纸张

A printed or written literary work.

文学书：一本印刷的或书写的文学作品

A main division of a larger printed or written work:

部，章节：较大的印刷的或书写著作的一大分部：

a book of the Old Testament.

旧约的一个章节

A volume in which financial or business transactions are recorded.

簿册：记录金融或商业交易的册子

books Financial or business records considered as a group:

books 帐目：被当作一个整体的金融或商业记录：

checked the expenditures on the books.

查对帐目上的支出情况

A libretto.

歌词，剧本

The script of a play.

剧本

Book The Bible.

Book 圣经

A set of prescribed standards or rules on which decisions are based:

制度：一套规定好的用以作为决策基础的标准或准则：

runs the company by the book.

根据制度经营公司

Something regarded as a source of knowledge or understanding.

知识之库：被认作知识或智力来源的东西

The total amount of experience, knowledge, understanding, and skill that can be used in solving a problem or performing a task:

知识总库：经验、知识、理解力和技巧等可用来解决问题或现实任务的东西的总和：

We used every trick in the book to finish the project on schedule.

我们用尽了书上每个技巧以完成预定表上的计划

A packet of like or similar items bound together:

一包：放在一起的相象或相同的东西：

a book of matches.

一包火柴

A record of bets placed on a race.

登录赌注：压在赛马上的赌注记录

Games The number of card tricks needed before any tricks can have scoring value, as the first six tricks taken by the declaring side in bridge.

【游戏】 完成约定的牌墩数：在获得有记分价值的牌墩前应完成的牌墩数，比如打桥牌时叫方认下的前六墩

n.attributive.（定语名词）

Often used to modify another noun:

书面：经常用来修饰另一个名词：

a book report; book learning.

书面报告：书本知识

v.tr.（及物动词）

booked， book.ing， books

To list or register in or as if in a book.

登记，注册：在表中或好象在表中登录下来或列举出来

To record charges against (a person) on a police blotter.

作控告笔录：在警察记事簿上记录（对某人的）指控

To arrange for (tickets or lodgings, for example) in advance; reserve.

预订：事先安排（如票或住宿等）；预订

To hire or engage:

约定：雇佣或约定：

The manager booked a magic show for Saturday night.

那个经理预定了一场星期六晚上的魔术表演

To allocate time for.

为…安排出时间

bring to book

To demand an explanation from; call to account.

要求作出解释；要求作出说明

in one's book

In one's opinion:

认为：根据某人的看法：

In my book they both are wrong.

在我看来他们俩都错了

like a book

Thoroughly; completely:

透彻地；全面地：

I know my child like a book.

我完全了解我的孩子

one for the books

A noteworthy act or occurrence.

不寻常的事：一件值得记住的行动或事件

throw the book at

To make all possible charges against (a lawbreaker, for example).

对（被告）作出所有可能的指控

To reprimand or punish severely.

严厉申斥：严厉指责或惩罚

Middle English bok

中古英语 bok

from Old English b½c * see bh³go-

源自 古英语 b½c *参见 bh³go-

book“er

n.（名词）

book， bespeak， engage， reserve

The central meaning shared by these verbs is “to cause something to be set aside, as for one's use or possession, in advance”:

这些动词共有的中心意思为“事先预留以便使用或拥有”：

will book a hotel room;

预定旅馆房间；

bespoken merchandise;

订货；

engaged a box for the opera season;

为歌剧节预定个包厢；

reserving a table at a restaurant.

在餐厅订张桌子

book

[bJk]

n.

书；书籍

He is reading a book now.

他现正在读一本书。

It's a sealed book to me.

我对这一窍不通。

卷；篇

簿册

a book of account

帐簿

a book of stamps

集邮册

make (a) book on

下赌注

throw the book at

重罚；严罚

book

vt.

预定

You'll have to book up early.

你要早一点订座。

The secretary has booked the manager in at the Hilton Hotel.

秘书已经在希尔顿大酒店为经理预定了房间。

The hotel is fully booked up.

旅馆房间已经全部给人预定了。

控告

booked on a charge of speeding

被控告超速驾驶

The football star was booked on a charge of speeding.

这位足球明星超速开车已被记录在案。

book in

预定旅馆房间

办理登记手续

The latest representatives booked in at 3 o'clock.

最后一批代表已经在三点钟报到了。

book

古英国人把文字刻在beech(山毛榉)的树皮上，由此产生了book(书)这个词

求一段汉译英翻译，不要翻译软件的翻译，要求绝对原创，翻译稍专业

试译一下:

Name is a kind of art as well as the most common linguistic phenomenon in the human society. It is the specific symbol that people make use of language marks to distinguish others. Name is a medium and reflection of culture, and at the same time, co-exists with it. In the process of naming different countries and different tribes reflects different customs. Therefore, the aims of doing research on names are at the connection of name and social elements, revealing the deep social significance that names can tell.

And in the creation of literatures, the names of a figure are also very important. As when some authors are shaping the figures, they always base on the creating intention, aim at deeply reveal people’s characters, predicting their fates and endings. So they deliberately but carefully choose the names for the figures. Latin has the so-called “naming is prescribing ”. Thus, concerning the names of a figure, especially the protagonist‘s , the writers have to make a certain effort to determine. Just as Niconoful’s(尼科诺夫,先这样译吧,没查过其英文名) book Name and Society, said, “ the greater the master, the much more carefully to choose the names for his protagonist”.

From the perspective of semeiology, the names from the figures of literatures consist of an important part in the identified symbols signifying the characters and further more, to change into the tools for reflecting the subjects and the solution for decoding such literatures. As in these literatures, the naming of the figures is endowed a significant cultural connotation and goes beyond the symbolic limits of the specific signified characters. Through the connotation of naming in English literatures, we can better understand the content and its extension of these works, and then deepen the appreciation of English language culture.

急求翻译..拒绝机译.大家不要害人,.字数较多,麻烦高人了...分数上不会亏待您.

The robot is one kind which the nearly 30 years develop typical, the integration of machinery, the independent automation production tool.In the manufacture industry, the application industry robot technology is enhances the production process automation, the improvement work condition, improves the product quality and one of production efficiency effective methods, also is a new technological revolution important content.

Since the ancient times, the people conceive the robot is generally one kind can simulate the human intelligence in the contour and the function the machine.Specially around the 20th century 20's, Czechoslovakian and US's some science fiction writers has created one batch the story and so on literary work which will coexist about the future robot and the humanity possibly occurs, will cause the robot to become one kind omnipotently in people's thought “the superhuman”.In the real life, some folk artisans act according to these literature description, also makes some to imitate the human or the biological modelling robot.However under the technical condition then, had enable the robot to have some kind “the intelligence” to become “the superhuman” specially, obviously was not impossible.US wore Woll to conceive the manipulator who one kind might control, he first broke through to the robot traditional viewpoint, proposed the robot not necessarily had to look like the human, but had to be able to do some person's work.In 1954, he rested on this idea design to manufacture in the world the first robot test installation, published "Has been suitable for Repetition Work Versatile Industry Robot" an article, and has obtained the American patent.

放心用吧

求高手翻译成英文！好的话有加分哦。有点难，菜才有挑战性啊！

From the analysis, we can conclude that symbol has double structure: surface and deep. The surface is available for perception of perceptual form (image and artistic conception), and it back, it's deep the broader, deeper, more abstract, more general meaning. Therefore, appreciate literary works, the observers must pay attention to identify the symbol, searches symbolic meanings, this is truly understand and grasp the work.

Second, the main types of symbol

Since ancient Chinese and foreign writers like use symbol the artistic expression, and in the work of the existing symbol not only more common, and varied, colorful. Yu qiuyu in a body in the works of creation, symbol of comprehensive investigation, the symbol is divided into two categories: some sex symbol and integrity symbol. ?